OpiCalc

927 Clinical Tools

BODE Index (Palliative context)CAM-S (Confusion Assessment Method - Severity)CPOT (Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool)Death Rattle Scoring (Victoria)Distress Thermometer Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS-r)FAST Scale (Dementia)IPOS (Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale)Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS)Menten Score Morphine Equivalent Daily Dose (MEDD)Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC)Opioid Risk Tool (ORT)PAINAD Scale Palliative Performance Scale (PPSv2)Palliative Prognostic (PaP) Score Palliative Prognostic Index (PPI)Respiratory Distress Observation Scale (RDOS)Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS-PAL)Seattle Heart Failure Model (SHFM)e-PaP Score

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Menten Score

Menten Score: Objective signs predicting death within 48 hours in end-of-life care.

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

Cyclic breathing with apnea periods

Cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of skin/lips

Marbled Skin

Reticulated, mottled skin pattern

Cold Extremities

Hands/feet cold to touch

Weak/Absent Peripheral Pulse

Difficult to palpate

Guidelines & Evidence

Clinical Details

Section 1

When to Use

When to Use

Prediction of death within 48 hours in dying patients

Identification of objective physical signs of imminent death

Communication with family about end-of-life timeline

Planning final arrangements and visits in the hours before death

Section 2

Formula & Logic

Clinical Signs Assessed

Cheyne-Stokes respiration pattern

Presence of cyanosis

Other objective physical markers of terminal decline

Section 3

Pearls/Pitfalls

Key Advantages

Focuses on very short-term (48 hour) prediction

Based on objective physical examination findings

Helps identify actively dying phase

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Related Palliative Care Tools

Palliative Performance Scale

Palliative Prognostic Index

Palliative Prognostic

Edmonton Symptom Assessment System

Distress Thermometer

Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale

Morphine Equivalent Daily Dose

Opioid Risk Tool

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