Up to 35% of patients achieve satisfactory objective physical criteria (Limb Symmetry Index >90%) but score poorly on the ACL-RSI, leading to "biological success but functional failure."
The ACL-RSI evaluates three primary latent psychological constructs through a 12-item scale (or 6-item short version):
In patients returning to sport, approximately 16% sustain a second ACL injury. While preoperative scores do not predict this, 12-month postoperative scores show a significant divergence in younger cohorts.
Athletes with low ACL-RSI scores often demonstrate "stiff-knee" landing patterns and increased hip internal rotation during cutting—unconscious protective mechanisms that actually increase the risk of a contralateral or graft tear. In younger patients, reaching a threshold of ~77 points is a critical safety benchmark.
Ardern CL, Österberg A, Tagesson S, Gauffin H, Webster KE, Kvist J.
The impact of psychological readiness to return to sport and recreational activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
McPherson AL, Feller JA, Webster KE.
Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Is Associated With Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries.
Webster KE, Feller JA.
Development and validation of a short version of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) scale.
The ACL-RSI was developed by Professor Kate Webster at La Trobe University, Melbourne. It was born out of the observation that while orthopaedic surgery was "fixing the knee," the medical community was failing to address the "fear of re-injury" that kept nearly 40% of elite athletes from ever returning to their prior level of performance.
