What are the limitations of the padua ram?

While the padua ram is highly validated, it should not replace clinical judgment. OpiCalc provides the latest evidence-based limitations for the padua ram to ensure safe bedside use and optimal diagnostic accuracy.

How does the padua ram compare to other hematology scores?

The padua ram is a gold-standard diagnostic tool. OpiCalc provides side-by-side clinical guidance to help clinicians choose the most specific evidence-based tool for their patient's presentation.

Is the padua ram free to use?

Yes. OpiCalc provides the padua ram completely ad-free and optimized for mobile bedside use, ensuring you can calculate medical risk swiftly and without distraction.

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Padua RAM

Inpatient VTE Risk: The Padua Prediction Score is the standard for non-surgical medical patients. Score ≥ 4 indicates high risk (~11% risk without prophylaxis).

Medical Risk Profile

Padua Prediction Score

0

Score of 0-3 indicates Low Risk. Standard mobilization is sufficient.

Guidelines & Evidence

Clinical Details

Section 1

When to Use

Identifying hospitalized medical patients at high risk for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE).

Selecting patients who will derive a net benefit from pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis (e.g., LMWH).

Applying guideline-directed (ACCP/ESC) thromboprophylaxis in the non-surgical setting.

Exclusions

Do not use for surgical patients (use Caprini score instead) or patients already receiving therapeutic anticoagulation.

Section 2

Formula & Logic

Risk Factors (Weighted Points)

Condition	Points
Active Cancer	3
Previous VTE	3
Reduced Mobility (Bed rest ≥ 3 days)	3
Known Thrombophilic Condition	3
Recent Trauma or Surgery (≤ 1 month)	2
Age ≥ 70 years	1
Heart or Respiratory Failure	1
Acute MI or Ischaemic Stroke	1
Acute Infection or Rheumatic Disease	1
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²)	1
Ongoing Hormonal Treatment	1

Thresholds

< 4 points: Low risk (Prophylaxis usually not indicated).

≥ 4 points: High risk (Pharmacologic prophylaxis recommended).

Section 3

Pearls/Pitfalls

The Mobility Definition

Reduced mobility is specifically defined as bed rest (with bathroom privileges only) for at least 3 consecutive days, due to limitations or physician orders.

The 'High Risk' Hazard

High-risk medical patients (Padua ≥ 4) who do not receive prophylaxis have a relative risk increase of ~30-fold for VTE compared to low-risk patients.

Section 4

Evidence Appraisal

Primary Consensus

A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score.

Barbar S et al. • Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2010;8(11):2450-7.

View Source

Section 5

Literature

Validation

The Padua score was derived and prospectively validated in a cohort of 1,180 consecutive medical patients and is now endorsed by the major international societies.

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Guidelines & Evidence

Clinical Details

Section 1

When to Use

Identifying hospitalized medical patients at high risk for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE).

Selecting patients who will derive a net benefit from pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis (e.g., LMWH).

Applying guideline-directed (ACCP/ESC) thromboprophylaxis in the non-surgical setting.

Exclusions

Do not use for surgical patients (use Caprini score instead) or patients already receiving therapeutic anticoagulation.

Section 2

Formula & Logic

Risk Factors (Weighted Points)

Condition	Points
Active Cancer	3
Previous VTE	3
Reduced Mobility (Bed rest ≥ 3 days)	3
Known Thrombophilic Condition	3
Recent Trauma or Surgery (≤ 1 month)	2
Age ≥ 70 years	1
Heart or Respiratory Failure	1
Acute MI or Ischaemic Stroke	1
Acute Infection or Rheumatic Disease	1
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²)	1
Ongoing Hormonal Treatment	1

Thresholds

< 4 points: Low risk (Prophylaxis usually not indicated).

≥ 4 points: High risk (Pharmacologic prophylaxis recommended).

Section 3

Pearls/Pitfalls

The Mobility Definition

Reduced mobility is specifically defined as bed rest (with bathroom privileges only) for at least 3 consecutive days, due to limitations or physician orders.

The 'High Risk' Hazard

High-risk medical patients (Padua ≥ 4) who do not receive prophylaxis have a relative risk increase of ~30-fold for VTE compared to low-risk patients.

Section 4

Evidence Appraisal

Primary Consensus

A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score.

Barbar S et al. • Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2010;8(11):2450-7.

View Source

Section 5

Literature

Validation

The Padua score was derived and prospectively validated in a cohort of 1,180 consecutive medical patients and is now endorsed by the major international societies.

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Related Hematology Tools

Age-adjusted D-dimer Threshold

sPESI

HEP Score

HERDOO2 Rule

Vienna Prediction Model

Have feedback about this calculator?Let us know.

Padua RAM

Inpatient VTE Risk: The Padua Prediction Score is the standard for non-surgical medical patients. Score ≥ 4 indicates high risk (~11% risk without prophylaxis).

Medical Risk Profile

Padua Prediction Score

0

Score of 0-3 indicates Low Risk. Standard mobilization is sufficient.

Guidelines & Evidence

Clinical Details

Section 1

When to Use

Identifying hospitalized medical patients at high risk for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE).

Selecting patients who will derive a net benefit from pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis (e.g., LMWH).

Applying guideline-directed (ACCP/ESC) thromboprophylaxis in the non-surgical setting.

Exclusions

Do not use for surgical patients (use Caprini score instead) or patients already receiving therapeutic anticoagulation.

Section 2

Formula & Logic

Risk Factors (Weighted Points)

Condition	Points
Active Cancer	3
Previous VTE	3
Reduced Mobility (Bed rest ≥ 3 days)	3
Known Thrombophilic Condition	3
Recent Trauma or Surgery (≤ 1 month)	2
Age ≥ 70 years	1
Heart or Respiratory Failure	1
Acute MI or Ischaemic Stroke	1
Acute Infection or Rheumatic Disease	1
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²)	1
Ongoing Hormonal Treatment	1

Thresholds

< 4 points: Low risk (Prophylaxis usually not indicated).

≥ 4 points: High risk (Pharmacologic prophylaxis recommended).

Section 3

Pearls/Pitfalls

The Mobility Definition

Reduced mobility is specifically defined as bed rest (with bathroom privileges only) for at least 3 consecutive days, due to limitations or physician orders.

The 'High Risk' Hazard

High-risk medical patients (Padua ≥ 4) who do not receive prophylaxis have a relative risk increase of ~30-fold for VTE compared to low-risk patients.

Section 4

Evidence Appraisal

Primary Consensus

A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score.

Barbar S et al. • Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2010;8(11):2450-7.

View Source

Section 5

Literature

Validation

The Padua score was derived and prospectively validated in a cohort of 1,180 consecutive medical patients and is now endorsed by the major international societies.

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Guidelines & Evidence

Clinical Details

Section 1

When to Use

Identifying hospitalized medical patients at high risk for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE).

Selecting patients who will derive a net benefit from pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis (e.g., LMWH).

Applying guideline-directed (ACCP/ESC) thromboprophylaxis in the non-surgical setting.

Exclusions

Do not use for surgical patients (use Caprini score instead) or patients already receiving therapeutic anticoagulation.

Section 2

Formula & Logic

Risk Factors (Weighted Points)

Condition	Points
Active Cancer	3
Previous VTE	3
Reduced Mobility (Bed rest ≥ 3 days)	3
Known Thrombophilic Condition	3
Recent Trauma or Surgery (≤ 1 month)	2
Age ≥ 70 years	1
Heart or Respiratory Failure	1
Acute MI or Ischaemic Stroke	1
Acute Infection or Rheumatic Disease	1
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²)	1
Ongoing Hormonal Treatment	1

Thresholds

< 4 points: Low risk (Prophylaxis usually not indicated).

≥ 4 points: High risk (Pharmacologic prophylaxis recommended).

Section 3

Pearls/Pitfalls

The Mobility Definition

Reduced mobility is specifically defined as bed rest (with bathroom privileges only) for at least 3 consecutive days, due to limitations or physician orders.

The 'High Risk' Hazard

High-risk medical patients (Padua ≥ 4) who do not receive prophylaxis have a relative risk increase of ~30-fold for VTE compared to low-risk patients.

Section 4

Evidence Appraisal

Primary Consensus

A risk assessment model for the identification of hospitalized medical patients at risk for venous thromboembolism: the Padua Prediction Score.

Barbar S et al. • Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2010;8(11):2450-7.

View Source

Section 5

Literature

Validation

The Padua score was derived and prospectively validated in a cohort of 1,180 consecutive medical patients and is now endorsed by the major international societies.

Last Comprehensive Review: 2026

Related Hematology Tools

Age-adjusted D-dimer Threshold

sPESI

HEP Score

HERDOO2 Rule

Vienna Prediction Model

Have feedback about this calculator?Let us know.